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      1 /*
      2  * CDDL HEADER START
      3  *
      4  * The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the
      5  * Common Development and Distribution License (the "License").
      6  * You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
      7  *
      8  * You can obtain a copy of the license at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE
      9  * or http://www.opensolaris.org/os/licensing.
     10  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions
     11  * and limitations under the License.
     12  *
     13  * When distributing Covered Code, include this CDDL HEADER in each
     14  * file and include the License file at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE.
     15  * If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the
     16  * fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying
     17  * information: Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
     18  *
     19  * CDDL HEADER END
     20  */
     21 /*
     22  * Copyright 2007 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All rights reserved.
     23  * Use is subject to license terms.
     24  */
     25 
     26 #pragma ident	"@(#)zap.c	1.13	07/11/19 SMI"
     27 
     28 
     29 /*
     30  * This file contains the top half of the zfs directory structure
     31  * implementation. The bottom half is in zap_leaf.c.
     32  *
     33  * The zdir is an extendable hash data structure. There is a table of
     34  * pointers to buckets (zap_t->zd_data->zd_leafs). The buckets are
     35  * each a constant size and hold a variable number of directory entries.
     36  * The buckets (aka "leaf nodes") are implemented in zap_leaf.c.
     37  *
     38  * The pointer table holds a power of 2 number of pointers.
     39  * (1<<zap_t->zd_data->zd_phys->zd_prefix_len).  The bucket pointed to
     40  * by the pointer at index i in the table holds entries whose hash value
     41  * has a zd_prefix_len - bit prefix
     42  */
     43 
     44 #include <sys/spa.h>
     45 #include <sys/dmu.h>
     46 #include <sys/zfs_context.h>
     47 #include <sys/zfs_znode.h>
     48 #include <sys/zap.h>
     49 #include <sys/refcount.h>
     50 #include <sys/zap_impl.h>
     51 #include <sys/zap_leaf.h>
     52 
     53 int fzap_default_block_shift = 14; /* 16k blocksize */
     54 
     55 static void zap_leaf_pageout(dmu_buf_t *db, void *vl);
     56 static uint64_t zap_allocate_blocks(zap_t *zap, int nblocks);
     57 
     58 
     59 void
     60 fzap_byteswap(void *vbuf, size_t size)
     61 {
     62 	uint64_t block_type;
     63 
     64 	block_type = *(uint64_t *)vbuf;
     65 
     66 	if (block_type == ZBT_LEAF || block_type == BSWAP_64(ZBT_LEAF))
     67 		zap_leaf_byteswap(vbuf, size);
     68 	else {
     69 		/* it's a ptrtbl block */
     70 		byteswap_uint64_array(vbuf, size);
     71 	}
     72 }
     73 
     74 void
     75 fzap_upgrade(zap_t *zap, dmu_tx_t *tx)
     76 {
     77 	dmu_buf_t *db;
     78 	zap_leaf_t *l;
     79 	int i;
     80 	zap_phys_t *zp;
     81 
     82 	ASSERT(RW_WRITE_HELD(&zap->zap_rwlock));
     83 	zap->zap_ismicro = FALSE;
     84 
     85 	(void) dmu_buf_update_user(zap->zap_dbuf, zap, zap,
     86 	    &zap->zap_f.zap_phys, zap_evict);
     87 
     88 	mutex_init(&zap->zap_f.zap_num_entries_mtx, 0, 0, 0);
     89 	zap->zap_f.zap_block_shift = highbit(zap->zap_dbuf->db_size) - 1;
     90 
     91 	zp = zap->zap_f.zap_phys;
     92 	/*
     93 	 * explicitly zero it since it might be coming from an
     94 	 * initialized microzap
     95 	 */
     96 	bzero(zap->zap_dbuf->db_data, zap->zap_dbuf->db_size);
     97 	zp->zap_block_type = ZBT_HEADER;
     98 	zp->zap_magic = ZAP_MAGIC;
     99 
    100 	zp->zap_ptrtbl.zt_shift = ZAP_EMBEDDED_PTRTBL_SHIFT(zap);
    101 
    102 	zp->zap_freeblk = 2;		/* block 1 will be the first leaf */
    103 	zp->zap_num_leafs = 1;
    104 	zp->zap_num_entries = 0;
    105 	zp->zap_salt = zap->zap_salt;
    106 	zp->zap_normflags = zap->zap_normflags;
    107 
    108 	/* block 1 will be the first leaf */
    109 	for (i = 0; i < (1<<zp->zap_ptrtbl.zt_shift); i++)
    110 		ZAP_EMBEDDED_PTRTBL_ENT(zap, i) = 1;
    111 
    112 	/*
    113 	 * set up block 1 - the first leaf
    114 	 */
    115 	VERIFY(0 == dmu_buf_hold(zap->zap_objset, zap->zap_object,
    116 	    1<<FZAP_BLOCK_SHIFT(zap), FTAG, &db));
    117 	dmu_buf_will_dirty(db, tx);
    118 
    119 	l = kmem_zalloc(sizeof (zap_leaf_t), KM_SLEEP);
    120 	l->l_dbuf = db;
    121 	l->l_phys = db->db_data;
    122 
    123 	zap_leaf_init(l, zp->zap_normflags != 0);
    124 
    125 	kmem_free(l, sizeof (zap_leaf_t));
    126 	dmu_buf_rele(db, FTAG);
    127 }
    128 
    129 static int
    130 zap_tryupgradedir(zap_t *zap, dmu_tx_t *tx)
    131 {
    132 	if (RW_WRITE_HELD(&zap->zap_rwlock))
    133 		return (1);
    134 	if (rw_tryupgrade(&zap->zap_rwlock)) {
    135 		dmu_buf_will_dirty(zap->zap_dbuf, tx);
    136 		return (1);
    137 	}
    138 	return (0);
    139 }
    140 
    141 /*
    142  * Generic routines for dealing with the pointer & cookie tables.
    143  */
    144 
    145 static int
    146 zap_table_grow(zap_t *zap, zap_table_phys_t *tbl,
    147     void (*transfer_func)(const uint64_t *src, uint64_t *dst, int n),
    148     dmu_tx_t *tx)
    149 {
    150 	uint64_t b, newblk;
    151 	dmu_buf_t *db_old, *db_new;
    152 	int err;
    153 	int bs = FZAP_BLOCK_SHIFT(zap);
    154 	int hepb = 1<<(bs-4);
    155 	/* hepb = half the number of entries in a block */
    156 
    157 	ASSERT(RW_WRITE_HELD(&zap->zap_rwlock));
    158 	ASSERT(tbl->zt_blk != 0);
    159 	ASSERT(tbl->zt_numblks > 0);
    160 
    161 	if (tbl->zt_nextblk != 0) {
    162 		newblk = tbl->zt_nextblk;
    163 	} else {
    164 		newblk = zap_allocate_blocks(zap, tbl->zt_numblks * 2);
    165 		tbl->zt_nextblk = newblk;
    166 		ASSERT3U(tbl->zt_blks_copied, ==, 0);
    167 		dmu_prefetch(zap->zap_objset, zap->zap_object,
    168 		    tbl->zt_blk << bs, tbl->zt_numblks << bs);
    169 	}
    170 
    171 	/*
    172 	 * Copy the ptrtbl from the old to new location.
    173 	 */
    174 
    175 	b = tbl->zt_blks_copied;
    176 	err = dmu_buf_hold(zap->zap_objset, zap->zap_object,
    177 	    (tbl->zt_blk + b) << bs, FTAG, &db_old);
    178 	if (err)
    179 		return (err);
    180 
    181 	/* first half of entries in old[b] go to new[2*b+0] */
    182 	VERIFY(0 == dmu_buf_hold(zap->zap_objset, zap->zap_object,
    183 	    (newblk + 2*b+0) << bs, FTAG, &db_new));
    184 	dmu_buf_will_dirty(db_new, tx);
    185 	transfer_func(db_old->db_data, db_new->db_data, hepb);
    186 	dmu_buf_rele(db_new, FTAG);
    187 
    188 	/* second half of entries in old[b] go to new[2*b+1] */
    189 	VERIFY(0 == dmu_buf_hold(zap->zap_objset, zap->zap_object,
    190 	    (newblk + 2*b+1) << bs, FTAG, &db_new));
    191 	dmu_buf_will_dirty(db_new, tx);
    192 	transfer_func((uint64_t *)db_old->db_data + hepb,
    193 	    db_new->db_data, hepb);
    194 	dmu_buf_rele(db_new, FTAG);
    195 
    196 	dmu_buf_rele(db_old, FTAG);
    197 
    198 	tbl->zt_blks_copied++;
    199 
    200 	dprintf("copied block %llu of %llu\n",
    201 	    tbl->zt_blks_copied, tbl->zt_numblks);
    202 
    203 	if (tbl->zt_blks_copied == tbl->zt_numblks) {
    204 		(void) dmu_free_range(zap->zap_objset, zap->zap_object,
    205 		    tbl->zt_blk << bs, tbl->zt_numblks << bs, tx);
    206 
    207 		tbl->zt_blk = newblk;
    208 		tbl->zt_numblks *= 2;
    209 		tbl->zt_shift++;
    210 		tbl->zt_nextblk = 0;
    211 		tbl->zt_blks_copied = 0;
    212 
    213 		dprintf("finished; numblocks now %llu (%lluk entries)\n",
    214 		    tbl->zt_numblks, 1<<(tbl->zt_shift-10));
    215 	}
    216 
    217 	return (0);
    218 }
    219 
    220 static int
    221 zap_table_store(zap_t *zap, zap_table_phys_t *tbl, uint64_t idx, uint64_t val,
    222     dmu_tx_t *tx)
    223 {
    224 	int err;
    225 	uint64_t blk, off;
    226 	int bs = FZAP_BLOCK_SHIFT(zap);
    227 	dmu_buf_t *db;
    228 
    229 	ASSERT(RW_LOCK_HELD(&zap->zap_rwlock));
    230 	ASSERT(tbl->zt_blk != 0);
    231 
    232 	dprintf("storing %llx at index %llx\n", val, idx);
    233 
    234 	blk = idx >> (bs-3);
    235 	off = idx & ((1<<(bs-3))-1);
    236 
    237 	err = dmu_buf_hold(zap->zap_objset, zap->zap_object,
    238 	    (tbl->zt_blk + blk) << bs, FTAG, &db);
    239 	if (err)
    240 		return (err);
    241 	dmu_buf_will_dirty(db, tx);
    242 
    243 	if (tbl->zt_nextblk != 0) {
    244 		uint64_t idx2 = idx * 2;
    245 		uint64_t blk2 = idx2 >> (bs-3);
    246 		uint64_t off2 = idx2 & ((1<<(bs-3))-1);
    247 		dmu_buf_t *db2;
    248 
    249 		err = dmu_buf_hold(zap->zap_objset, zap->zap_object,
    250 		    (tbl->zt_nextblk + blk2) << bs, FTAG, &db2);
    251 		if (err) {
    252 			dmu_buf_rele(db, FTAG);
    253 			return (err);
    254 		}
    255 		dmu_buf_will_dirty(db2, tx);
    256 		((uint64_t *)db2->db_data)[off2] = val;
    257 		((uint64_t *)db2->db_data)[off2+1] = val;
    258 		dmu_buf_rele(db2, FTAG);
    259 	}
    260 
    261 	((uint64_t *)db->db_data)[off] = val;
    262 	dmu_buf_rele(db, FTAG);
    263 
    264 	return (0);
    265 }
    266 
    267 static int
    268 zap_table_load(zap_t *zap, zap_table_phys_t *tbl, uint64_t idx, uint64_t *valp)
    269 {
    270 	uint64_t blk, off;
    271 	int err;
    272 	dmu_buf_t *db;
    273 	int bs = FZAP_BLOCK_SHIFT(zap);
    274 
    275 	ASSERT(RW_LOCK_HELD(&zap->zap_rwlock));
    276 
    277 	blk = idx >> (bs-3);
    278 	off = idx & ((1<<(bs-3))-1);
    279 
    280 	err = dmu_buf_hold(zap->zap_objset, zap->zap_object,
    281 	    (tbl->zt_blk + blk) << bs, FTAG, &db);
    282 	if (err)
    283 		return (err);
    284 	*valp = ((uint64_t *)db->db_data)[off];
    285 	dmu_buf_rele(db, FTAG);
    286 
    287 	if (tbl->zt_nextblk != 0) {
    288 		/*
    289 		 * read the nextblk for the sake of i/o error checking,
    290 		 * so that zap_table_load() will catch errors for
    291 		 * zap_table_store.
    292 		 */
    293 		blk = (idx*2) >> (bs-3);
    294 
    295 		err = dmu_buf_hold(zap->zap_objset, zap->zap_object,
    296 		    (tbl->zt_nextblk + blk) << bs, FTAG, &db);
    297 		dmu_buf_rele(db, FTAG);
    298 	}
    299 	return (err);
    300 }
    301 
    302 /*
    303  * Routines for growing the ptrtbl.
    304  */
    305 
    306 static void
    307 zap_ptrtbl_transfer(const uint64_t *src, uint64_t *dst, int n)
    308 {
    309 	int i;
    310 	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    311 		uint64_t lb = src[i];
    312 		dst[2*i+0] = lb;
    313 		dst[2*i+1] = lb;
    314 	}
    315 }
    316 
    317 static int
    318 zap_grow_ptrtbl(zap_t *zap, dmu_tx_t *tx)
    319 {
    320 	/* In case things go horribly wrong. */
    321 	if (zap->zap_f.zap_phys->zap_ptrtbl.zt_shift >= ZAP_HASHBITS-2)
    322 		return (ENOSPC);
    323 
    324 	if (zap->zap_f.zap_phys->zap_ptrtbl.zt_numblks == 0) {
    325 		/*
    326 		 * We are outgrowing the "embedded" ptrtbl (the one
    327 		 * stored in the header block).  Give it its own entire
    328 		 * block, which will double the size of the ptrtbl.
    329 		 */
    330 		uint64_t newblk;
    331 		dmu_buf_t *db_new;
    332 		int err;
    333 
    334 		ASSERT3U(zap->zap_f.zap_phys->zap_ptrtbl.zt_shift, ==,
    335 		    ZAP_EMBEDDED_PTRTBL_SHIFT(zap));
    336 		ASSERT3U(zap->zap_f.zap_phys->zap_ptrtbl.zt_blk, ==, 0);
    337 
    338 		newblk = zap_allocate_blocks(zap, 1);
    339 		err = dmu_buf_hold(zap->zap_objset, zap->zap_object,
    340 		    newblk << FZAP_BLOCK_SHIFT(zap), FTAG, &db_new);
    341 		if (err)
    342 			return (err);
    343 		dmu_buf_will_dirty(db_new, tx);
    344 		zap_ptrtbl_transfer(&ZAP_EMBEDDED_PTRTBL_ENT(zap, 0),
    345 		    db_new->db_data, 1 << ZAP_EMBEDDED_PTRTBL_SHIFT(zap));
    346 		dmu_buf_rele(db_new, FTAG);
    347 
    348 		zap->zap_f.zap_phys->zap_ptrtbl.zt_blk = newblk;
    349 		zap->zap_f.zap_phys->zap_ptrtbl.zt_numblks = 1;
    350 		zap->zap_f.zap_phys->zap_ptrtbl.zt_shift++;
    351 
    352 		ASSERT3U(1ULL << zap->zap_f.zap_phys->zap_ptrtbl.zt_shift, ==,
    353 		    zap->zap_f.zap_phys->zap_ptrtbl.zt_numblks <<
    354 		    (FZAP_BLOCK_SHIFT(zap)-3));
    355 
    356 		return (0);
    357 	} else {
    358 		return (zap_table_grow(zap, &zap->zap_f.zap_phys->zap_ptrtbl,
    359 		    zap_ptrtbl_transfer, tx));
    360 	}
    361 }
    362 
    363 static void
    364 zap_increment_num_entries(zap_t *zap, int delta, dmu_tx_t *tx)
    365 {
    366 	dmu_buf_will_dirty(zap->zap_dbuf, tx);
    367 	mutex_enter(&zap->zap_f.zap_num_entries_mtx);
    368 	ASSERT(delta > 0 || zap->zap_f.zap_phys->zap_num_entries >= -delta);
    369 	zap->zap_f.zap_phys->zap_num_entries += delta;
    370 	mutex_exit(&zap->zap_f.zap_num_entries_mtx);
    371 }
    372 
    373 static uint64_t
    374 zap_allocate_blocks(zap_t *zap, int nblocks)
    375 {
    376 	uint64_t newblk;
    377 	ASSERT(RW_WRITE_HELD(&zap->zap_rwlock));
    378 	newblk = zap->zap_f.zap_phys->zap_freeblk;
    379 	zap->zap_f.zap_phys->zap_freeblk += nblocks;
    380 	return (newblk);
    381 }
    382 
    383 static zap_leaf_t *
    384 zap_create_leaf(zap_t *zap, dmu_tx_t *tx)
    385 {
    386 	void *winner;
    387 	zap_leaf_t *l = kmem_alloc(sizeof (zap_leaf_t), KM_SLEEP);
    388 
    389 	ASSERT(RW_WRITE_HELD(&zap->zap_rwlock));
    390 
    391 	rw_init(&l->l_rwlock, 0, 0, 0);
    392 	rw_enter(&l->l_rwlock, RW_WRITER);
    393 	l->l_blkid = zap_allocate_blocks(zap, 1);
    394 	l->l_dbuf = NULL;
    395 	l->l_phys = NULL;
    396 
    397 	VERIFY(0 == dmu_buf_hold(zap->zap_objset, zap->zap_object,
    398 	    l->l_blkid << FZAP_BLOCK_SHIFT(zap), NULL, &l->l_dbuf));
    399 	winner = dmu_buf_set_user(l->l_dbuf, l, &l->l_phys, zap_leaf_pageout);
    400 	ASSERT(winner == NULL);
    401 	dmu_buf_will_dirty(l->l_dbuf, tx);
    402 
    403 	zap_leaf_init(l, zap->zap_normflags != 0);
    404 
    405 	zap->zap_f.zap_phys->zap_num_leafs++;
    406 
    407 	return (l);
    408 }
    409 
    410 int
    411 fzap_count(zap_t *zap, uint64_t *count)
    412 {
    413 	ASSERT(!zap->zap_ismicro);
    414 	mutex_enter(&zap->zap_f.zap_num_entries_mtx); /* unnecessary */
    415 	*count = zap->zap_f.zap_phys->zap_num_entries;
    416 	mutex_exit(&zap->zap_f.zap_num_entries_mtx);
    417 	return (0);
    418 }
    419 
    420 /*
    421  * Routines for obtaining zap_leaf_t's
    422  */
    423 
    424 void
    425 zap_put_leaf(zap_leaf_t *l)
    426 {
    427 	rw_exit(&l->l_rwlock);
    428 	dmu_buf_rele(l->l_dbuf, NULL);
    429 }
    430 
    431 _NOTE(ARGSUSED(0))
    432 static void
    433 zap_leaf_pageout(dmu_buf_t *db, void *vl)
    434 {
    435 	zap_leaf_t *l = vl;
    436 
    437 	rw_destroy(&l->l_rwlock);
    438 	kmem_free(l, sizeof (zap_leaf_t));
    439 }
    440 
    441 static zap_leaf_t *
    442 zap_open_leaf(uint64_t blkid, dmu_buf_t *db)
    443 {
    444 	zap_leaf_t *l, *winner;
    445 
    446 	ASSERT(blkid != 0);
    447 
    448 	l = kmem_alloc(sizeof (zap_leaf_t), KM_SLEEP);
    449 	rw_init(&l->l_rwlock, 0, 0, 0);
    450 	rw_enter(&l->l_rwlock, RW_WRITER);
    451 	l->l_blkid = blkid;
    452 	l->l_bs = highbit(db->db_size)-1;
    453 	l->l_dbuf = db;
    454 	l->l_phys = NULL;
    455 
    456 	winner = dmu_buf_set_user(db, l, &l->l_phys, zap_leaf_pageout);
    457 
    458 	rw_exit(&l->l_rwlock);
    459 	if (winner != NULL) {
    460 		/* someone else set it first */
    461 		zap_leaf_pageout(NULL, l);
    462 		l = winner;
    463 	}
    464 
    465 	/*
    466 	 * lhr_pad was previously used for the next leaf in the leaf
    467 	 * chain.  There should be no chained leafs (as we have removed
    468 	 * support for them).
    469 	 */
    470 	ASSERT3U(l->l_phys->l_hdr.lh_pad1, ==, 0);
    471 
    472 	/*
    473 	 * There should be more hash entries than there can be
    474 	 * chunks to put in the hash table
    475 	 */
    476 	ASSERT3U(ZAP_LEAF_HASH_NUMENTRIES(l), >, ZAP_LEAF_NUMCHUNKS(l) / 3);
    477 
    478 	/* The chunks should begin at the end of the hash table */
    479 	ASSERT3P(&ZAP_LEAF_CHUNK(l, 0), ==,
    480 	    &l->l_phys->l_hash[ZAP_LEAF_HASH_NUMENTRIES(l)]);
    481 
    482 	/* The chunks should end at the end of the block */
    483 	ASSERT3U((uintptr_t)&ZAP_LEAF_CHUNK(l, ZAP_LEAF_NUMCHUNKS(l)) -
    484 	    (uintptr_t)l->l_phys, ==, l->l_dbuf->db_size);
    485 
    486 	return (l);
    487 }
    488 
    489 static int
    490 zap_get_leaf_byblk(zap_t *zap, uint64_t blkid, dmu_tx_t *tx, krw_t lt,
    491     zap_leaf_t **lp)
    492 {
    493 	dmu_buf_t *db;
    494 	zap_leaf_t *l;
    495 	int bs = FZAP_BLOCK_SHIFT(zap);
    496 	int err;
    497 
    498 	ASSERT(RW_LOCK_HELD(&zap->zap_rwlock));
    499 
    500 	err = dmu_buf_hold(zap->zap_objset, zap->zap_object,
    501 	    blkid << bs, NULL, &db);
    502 	if (err)
    503 		return (err);
    504 
    505 	ASSERT3U(db->db_object, ==, zap->zap_object);
    506 	ASSERT3U(db->db_offset, ==, blkid << bs);
    507 	ASSERT3U(db->db_size, ==, 1 << bs);
    508 	ASSERT(blkid != 0);
    509 
    510 	l = dmu_buf_get_user(db);
    511 
    512 	if (l == NULL)
    513 		l = zap_open_leaf(blkid, db);
    514 
    515 	rw_enter(&l->l_rwlock, lt);
    516 	/*
    517 	 * Must lock before dirtying, otherwise l->l_phys could change,
    518 	 * causing ASSERT below to fail.
    519 	 */
    520 	if (lt == RW_WRITER)
    521 		dmu_buf_will_dirty(db, tx);
    522 	ASSERT3U(l->l_blkid, ==, blkid);
    523 	ASSERT3P(l->l_dbuf, ==, db);
    524 	ASSERT3P(l->l_phys, ==, l->l_dbuf->db_data);
    525 	ASSERT3U(l->l_phys->l_hdr.lh_block_type, ==, ZBT_LEAF);
    526 	ASSERT3U(l->l_phys->l_hdr.lh_magic, ==, ZAP_LEAF_MAGIC);
    527 
    528 	*lp = l;
    529 	return (0);
    530 }
    531 
    532 static int
    533 zap_idx_to_blk(zap_t *zap, uint64_t idx, uint64_t *valp)
    534 {
    535 	ASSERT(RW_LOCK_HELD(&zap->zap_rwlock));
    536 
    537 	if (zap->zap_f.zap_phys->zap_ptrtbl.zt_numblks == 0) {
    538 		ASSERT3U(idx, <,
    539 		    (1ULL << zap->zap_f.zap_phys->zap_ptrtbl.zt_shift));
    540 		*valp = ZAP_EMBEDDED_PTRTBL_ENT(zap, idx);
    541 		return (0);
    542 	} else {
    543 		return (zap_table_load(zap, &zap->zap_f.zap_phys->zap_ptrtbl,
    544 		    idx, valp));
    545 	}
    546 }
    547 
    548 static int
    549 zap_set_idx_to_blk(zap_t *zap, uint64_t idx, uint64_t blk, dmu_tx_t *tx)
    550 {
    551 	ASSERT(tx != NULL);
    552 	ASSERT(RW_WRITE_HELD(&zap->zap_rwlock));
    553 
    554 	if (zap->zap_f.zap_phys->zap_ptrtbl.zt_blk == 0) {
    555 		ZAP_EMBEDDED_PTRTBL_ENT(zap, idx) = blk;
    556 		return (0);
    557 	} else {
    558 		return (zap_table_store(zap, &zap->zap_f.zap_phys->zap_ptrtbl,
    559 		    idx, blk, tx));
    560 	}
    561 }
    562 
    563 static int
    564 zap_deref_leaf(zap_t *zap, uint64_t h, dmu_tx_t *tx, krw_t lt, zap_leaf_t **lp)
    565 {
    566 	uint64_t idx, blk;
    567 	int err;
    568 
    569 	ASSERT(zap->zap_dbuf == NULL ||
    570 	    zap->zap_f.zap_phys == zap->zap_dbuf->db_data);
    571 	ASSERT3U(zap->zap_f.zap_phys->zap_magic, ==, ZAP_MAGIC);
    572 	idx = ZAP_HASH_IDX(h, zap->zap_f.zap_phys->zap_ptrtbl.zt_shift);
    573 	err = zap_idx_to_blk(zap, idx, &blk);
    574 	if (err != 0)
    575 		return (err);
    576 	err = zap_get_leaf_byblk(zap, blk, tx, lt, lp);
    577 
    578 	ASSERT(err || ZAP_HASH_IDX(h, (*lp)->l_phys->l_hdr.lh_prefix_len) ==
    579 	    (*lp)->l_phys->l_hdr.lh_prefix);
    580 	return (err);
    581 }
    582 
    583 static int
    584 zap_expand_leaf(zap_name_t *zn, zap_leaf_t *l, dmu_tx_t *tx, zap_leaf_t **lp)
    585 {
    586 	zap_t *zap = zn->zn_zap;
    587 	uint64_t hash = zn->zn_hash;
    588 	zap_leaf_t *nl;
    589 	int prefix_diff, i, err;
    590 	uint64_t sibling;
    591 	int old_prefix_len = l->l_phys->l_hdr.lh_prefix_len;
    592 
    593 	ASSERT3U(old_prefix_len, <=, zap->zap_f.zap_phys->zap_ptrtbl.zt_shift);
    594 	ASSERT(RW_LOCK_HELD(&zap->zap_rwlock));
    595 
    596 	ASSERT3U(ZAP_HASH_IDX(hash, old_prefix_len), ==,
    597 	    l->l_phys->l_hdr.lh_prefix);
    598 
    599 	if (zap_tryupgradedir(zap, tx) == 0 ||
    600 	    old_prefix_len == zap->zap_f.zap_phys->zap_ptrtbl.zt_shift) {
    601 		/* We failed to upgrade, or need to grow the pointer table */
    602 		objset_t *os = zap->zap_objset;
    603 		uint64_t object = zap->zap_object;
    604 
    605 		zap_put_leaf(l);
    606 		zap_unlockdir(zap);
    607 		err = zap_lockdir(os, object, tx, RW_WRITER,
    608 		    FALSE, FALSE, &zn->zn_zap);
    609 		zap = zn->zn_zap;
    610 		if (err)
    611 			return (err);
    612 		ASSERT(!zap->zap_ismicro);
    613 
    614 		while (old_prefix_len ==
    615 		    zap->zap_f.zap_phys->zap_ptrtbl.zt_shift) {
    616 			err = zap_grow_ptrtbl(zap, tx);
    617 			if (err)
    618 				return (err);
    619 		}
    620 
    621 		err = zap_deref_leaf(zap, hash, tx, RW_WRITER, &l);
    622 		if (err)
    623 			return (err);
    624 
    625 		if (l->l_phys->l_hdr.lh_prefix_len != old_prefix_len) {
    626 			/* it split while our locks were down */
    627 			*lp = l;
    628 			return (0);
    629 		}
    630 	}
    631 	ASSERT(RW_WRITE_HELD(&zap->zap_rwlock));
    632 	ASSERT3U(old_prefix_len, <, zap->zap_f.zap_phys->zap_ptrtbl.zt_shift);
    633 	ASSERT3U(ZAP_HASH_IDX(hash, old_prefix_len), ==,
    634 	    l->l_phys->l_hdr.lh_prefix);
    635 
    636 	prefix_diff = zap->zap_f.zap_phys->zap_ptrtbl.zt_shift -
    637 	    (old_prefix_len + 1);
    638 	sibling = (ZAP_HASH_IDX(hash, old_prefix_len + 1) | 1) << prefix_diff;
    639 
    640 	/* check for i/o errors before doing zap_leaf_split */
    641 	for (i = 0; i < (1ULL<<prefix_diff); i++) {
    642 		uint64_t blk;
    643 		err = zap_idx_to_blk(zap, sibling+i, &blk);
    644 		if (err)
    645 			return (err);
    646 		ASSERT3U(blk, ==, l->l_blkid);
    647 	}
    648 
    649 	nl = zap_create_leaf(zap, tx);
    650 	zap_leaf_split(l, nl, zap->zap_normflags != 0);
    651 
    652 	/* set sibling pointers */
    653 	for (i = 0; i < (1ULL<<prefix_diff); i++) {
    654 		err = zap_set_idx_to_blk(zap, sibling+i, nl->l_blkid, tx);
    655 		ASSERT3U(err, ==, 0); /* we checked for i/o errors above */
    656 	}
    657 
    658 	if (hash & (1ULL << (64 - l->l_phys->l_hdr.lh_prefix_len))) {
    659 		/* we want the sibling */
    660 		zap_put_leaf(l);
    661 		*lp = nl;
    662 	} else {
    663 		zap_put_leaf(nl);
    664 		*lp = l;
    665 	}
    666 
    667 	return (0);
    668 }
    669 
    670 static void
    671 zap_put_leaf_maybe_grow_ptrtbl(zap_name_t *zn, zap_leaf_t *l, dmu_tx_t *tx)
    672 {
    673 	zap_t *zap = zn->zn_zap;
    674 	int shift = zap->zap_f.zap_phys->zap_ptrtbl.zt_shift;
    675 	int leaffull = (l->l_phys->l_hdr.lh_prefix_len == shift &&
    676 	    l->l_phys->l_hdr.lh_nfree < ZAP_LEAF_LOW_WATER);
    677 
    678 	zap_put_leaf(l);
    679 
    680 	if (leaffull || zap->zap_f.zap_phys->zap_ptrtbl.zt_nextblk) {
    681 		int err;
    682 
    683 		/*
    684 		 * We are in the middle of growing the pointer table, or
    685 		 * this leaf will soon make us grow it.
    686 		 */
    687 		if (zap_tryupgradedir(zap, tx) == 0) {
    688 			objset_t *os = zap->zap_objset;
    689 			uint64_t zapobj = zap->zap_object;
    690 
    691 			zap_unlockdir(zap);
    692 			err = zap_lockdir(os, zapobj, tx,
    693 			    RW_WRITER, FALSE, FALSE, &zn->zn_zap);
    694 			zap = zn->zn_zap;
    695 			if (err)
    696 				return;
    697 		}
    698 
    699 		/* could have finished growing while our locks were down */
    700 		if (zap->zap_f.zap_phys->zap_ptrtbl.zt_shift == shift)
    701 			(void) zap_grow_ptrtbl(zap, tx);
    702 	}
    703 }
    704 
    705 
    706 static int
    707 fzap_checksize(const char *name, uint64_t integer_size, uint64_t num_integers)
    708 {
    709 	if (name && strlen(name) > ZAP_MAXNAMELEN)
    710 		return (E2BIG);
    711 
    712 	/* Only integer sizes supported by C */
    713 	switch (integer_size) {
    714 	case 1:
    715 	case 2:
    716 	case 4:
    717 	case 8:
    718 		break;
    719 	default:
    720 		return (EINVAL);
    721 	}
    722 
    723 	if (integer_size * num_integers > ZAP_MAXVALUELEN)
    724 		return (E2BIG);
    725 
    726 	return (0);
    727 }
    728 
    729 /*
    730  * Routines for manipulating attributes.
    731  */
    732 int
    733 fzap_lookup(zap_name_t *zn,
    734     uint64_t integer_size, uint64_t num_integers, void *buf,
    735     char *realname, int rn_len, boolean_t *ncp)
    736 {
    737 	zap_leaf_t *l;
    738 	int err;
    739 	zap_entry_handle_t zeh;
    740 
    741 	err = fzap_checksize(zn->zn_name_orij, integer_size, num_integers);
    742 	if (err != 0)
    743 		return (err);
    744 
    745 	err = zap_deref_leaf(zn->zn_zap, zn->zn_hash, NULL, RW_READER, &l);
    746 	if (err != 0)
    747 		return (err);
    748 	err = zap_leaf_lookup(l, zn, &zeh);
    749 	if (err == 0) {
    750 		err = zap_entry_read(&zeh, integer_size, num_integers, buf);
    751 		(void) zap_entry_read_name(&zeh, rn_len, realname);
    752 		if (ncp) {
    753 			*ncp = zap_entry_normalization_conflict(&zeh,
    754 			    zn, NULL, zn->zn_zap);
    755 		}
    756 	}
    757 
    758 	zap_put_leaf(l);
    759 	return (err);
    760 }
    761 
    762 int
    763 fzap_add_cd(zap_name_t *zn,
    764     uint64_t integer_size, uint64_t num_integers,
    765     const void *val, uint32_t cd, dmu_tx_t *tx)
    766 {
    767 	zap_leaf_t *l;
    768 	int err;
    769 	zap_entry_handle_t zeh;
    770 	zap_t *zap = zn->zn_zap;
    771 
    772 	ASSERT(RW_LOCK_HELD(&zap->zap_rwlock));
    773 	ASSERT(!zap->zap_ismicro);
    774 	ASSERT(fzap_checksize(zn->zn_name_orij,
    775 	    integer_size, num_integers) == 0);
    776 
    777 	err = zap_deref_leaf(zap, zn->zn_hash, tx, RW_WRITER, &l);
    778 	if (err != 0)
    779 		return (err);
    780 retry:
    781 	err = zap_leaf_lookup(l, zn, &zeh);
    782 	if (err == 0) {
    783 		err = EEXIST;
    784 		goto out;
    785 	}
    786 	if (err != ENOENT)
    787 		goto out;
    788 
    789 	err = zap_entry_create(l, zn->zn_name_orij, zn->zn_hash, cd,
    790 	    integer_size, num_integers, val, &zeh);
    791 
    792 	if (err == 0) {
    793 		zap_increment_num_entries(zap, 1, tx);
    794 	} else if (err == EAGAIN) {
    795 		err = zap_expand_leaf(zn, l, tx, &l);
    796 		zap = zn->zn_zap;	/* zap_expand_leaf() may change zap */
    797 		if (err == 0)
    798 			goto retry;
    799 	}
    800 
    801 out:
    802 	if (zap != NULL)
    803 		zap_put_leaf_maybe_grow_ptrtbl(zn, l, tx);
    804 	return (err);
    805 }
    806 
    807 int
    808 fzap_add(zap_name_t *zn,
    809     uint64_t integer_size, uint64_t num_integers,
    810     const void *val, dmu_tx_t *tx)
    811 {
    812 	int err = fzap_checksize(zn->zn_name_orij, integer_size, num_integers);
    813 	if (err != 0)
    814 		return (err);
    815 
    816 	return (fzap_add_cd(zn, integer_size, num_integers,
    817 	    val, ZAP_MAXCD, tx));
    818 }
    819 
    820 int
    821 fzap_update(zap_name_t *zn,
    822     int integer_size, uint64_t num_integers, const void *val, dmu_tx_t *tx)
    823 {
    824 	zap_leaf_t *l;
    825 	int err, create;
    826 	zap_entry_handle_t zeh;
    827 	zap_t *zap = zn->zn_zap;
    828 
    829 	ASSERT(RW_LOCK_HELD(&zap->zap_rwlock));
    830 	err = fzap_checksize(zn->zn_name_orij, integer_size, num_integers);
    831 	if (err != 0)
    832 		return (err);
    833 
    834 	err = zap_deref_leaf(zap, zn->zn_hash, tx, RW_WRITER, &l);
    835 	if (err != 0)
    836 		return (err);
    837 retry:
    838 	err = zap_leaf_lookup(l, zn, &zeh);
    839 	create = (err == ENOENT);
    840 	ASSERT(err == 0 || err == ENOENT);
    841 
    842 	if (create) {
    843 		err = zap_entry_create(l, zn->zn_name_orij, zn->zn_hash,
    844 		    ZAP_MAXCD, integer_size, num_integers, val, &zeh);
    845 		if (err == 0)
    846 			zap_increment_num_entries(zap, 1, tx);
    847 	} else {
    848 		err = zap_entry_update(&zeh, integer_size, num_integers, val);
    849 	}
    850 
    851 	if (err == EAGAIN) {
    852 		err = zap_expand_leaf(zn, l, tx, &l);
    853 		zap = zn->zn_zap;	/* zap_expand_leaf() may change zap */
    854 		if (err == 0)
    855 			goto retry;
    856 	}
    857 
    858 	if (zap != NULL)
    859 		zap_put_leaf_maybe_grow_ptrtbl(zn, l, tx);
    860 	return (err);
    861 }
    862 
    863 int
    864 fzap_length(zap_name_t *zn,
    865     uint64_t *integer_size, uint64_t *num_integers)
    866 {
    867 	zap_leaf_t *l;
    868 	int err;
    869 	zap_entry_handle_t zeh;
    870 
    871 	err = zap_deref_leaf(zn->zn_zap, zn->zn_hash, NULL, RW_READER, &l);
    872 	if (err != 0)
    873 		return (err);
    874 	err = zap_leaf_lookup(l, zn, &zeh);
    875 	if (err != 0)
    876 		goto out;
    877 
    878 	if (integer_size)
    879 		*integer_size = zeh.zeh_integer_size;
    880 	if (num_integers)
    881 		*num_integers = zeh.zeh_num_integers;
    882 out:
    883 	zap_put_leaf(l);
    884 	return (err);
    885 }
    886 
    887 int
    888 fzap_remove(zap_name_t *zn, dmu_tx_t *tx)
    889 {
    890 	zap_leaf_t *l;
    891 	int err;
    892 	zap_entry_handle_t zeh;
    893 
    894 	err = zap_deref_leaf(zn->zn_zap, zn->zn_hash, tx, RW_WRITER, &l);
    895 	if (err != 0)
    896 		return (err);
    897 	err = zap_leaf_lookup(l, zn, &zeh);
    898 	if (err == 0) {
    899 		zap_entry_remove(&zeh);
    900 		zap_increment_num_entries(zn->zn_zap, -1, tx);
    901 	}
    902 	zap_put_leaf(l);
    903 	return (err);
    904 }
    905 
    906 int
    907 zap_value_search(objset_t *os, uint64_t zapobj, uint64_t value, uint64_t mask,
    908     char *name)
    909 {
    910 	zap_cursor_t zc;
    911 	zap_attribute_t *za;
    912 	int err;
    913 
    914 	if (mask == 0)
    915 		mask = -1ULL;
    916 
    917 	za = kmem_alloc(sizeof (zap_attribute_t), KM_SLEEP);
    918 	for (zap_cursor_init(&zc, os, zapobj);
    919 	    (err = zap_cursor_retrieve(&zc, za)) == 0;
    920 	    zap_cursor_advance(&zc)) {
    921 		if ((za->za_first_integer & mask) == (value & mask)) {
    922 			(void) strcpy(name, za->za_name);
    923 			break;
    924 		}
    925 	}
    926 	zap_cursor_fini(&zc);
    927 	kmem_free(za, sizeof (zap_attribute_t));
    928 	return (err);
    929 }
    930 
    931 
    932 /*
    933  * Routines for iterating over the attributes.
    934  */
    935 
    936 int
    937 fzap_cursor_retrieve(zap_t *zap, zap_cursor_t *zc, zap_attribute_t *za)
    938 {
    939 	int err = ENOENT;
    940 	zap_entry_handle_t